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Imodi yokuhlunga ye-Ultrafiltration Membrane
2022-11-26
Ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi olusekelwe ekuhlolweni nasekuhlungeni, nomehluko wengcindezi njengamandla amakhulu okushayela. Umgomo wawo oyinhloko uwukwenza umehluko omncane wokucindezela ezinhlangothini zombili ze-membrane yokuhlunga, ukuze unikeze amandla ama-molecule amanzi ukuze adlule ezimbotsheni ezincane ze-filtration membrane, futhi avimbele ukungcola kolunye uhlangothi lwe-membrane yokuhlunga, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lamanzi ngemva kokwelashwa lihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele.
Ngokuvamile, ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration lungahlukaniswa lube ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lokucindezela kwe-ultrafiltration kanye ne-membrane yokucindezela kwe-ultrafiltration yangaphandle ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokungena kwamanzi. Ubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi bolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration lobuchwephesha buqala ngokujova indle ku-fiber engenalutho, bese buphusha umehluko wengcindezi ukuze benze ama-molecule amanzi aphume kulwelwesi futhi ukungcola kuhlale kulwelwesi lwefayibha engenalutho. Ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration buphambene nokucindezela kwangaphakathi, ngemva kokucindezela kokucindezela, ama-molecule wamanzi angena ku-membrane ye-fiber engenalutho kanti okunye ukungcola kuvinjelwe ngaphandle.
I-Ultrafiltration membrane idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. I-Ultrafiltration membrane yenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyvinylidene fluoride, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polysulfone nezinye izinto, izakhiwo zalezi zinto zinquma izici ze-ultrafiltration membrane. Enqubweni yangempela yokufaka isicelo, ama-opharetha afanelekile adinga ukucabangela ngokugcwele izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela kokusebenza, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, umphumela wokuhlanza amanzi nezinye izici ukuze kwandiswe umthelela wobuchwepheshe bolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration, ukuze babone ukonga nokugaywa kabusha kwemithombo yamanzi.
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlunga ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration: ukuhlunga kokuphela okufile kanye nokuhlunga kwe-cross-flow.
Ukuhlunga ekugcineni kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga okugcwele. Uma udaba olumisiwe, i-turbidity, okuqukethwe kwe-colloid emanzini aluhlaza kuphansi, njengamanzi ompompi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, njll., noma kukhona umklamo oqinile wesistimu yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuhlunga, i-ultrafiltration ingasebenzisa imodi yokuhlunga egcwele. ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokuhlunga okugcwele, wonke amanzi adlula phezu kwe-membrane ukuze abe ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, futhi zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ziyanqanyulwa phezu kolwelwesi. Idinga ukukhishwa ezingxenyeni ze-membrane ngokukhuhla umoya okuvamile, ukuwashwa kabusha kwamanzi nokuwasha phambili, nokuhlanza amakhemikhali okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kokuhlunga okufile, ukuhlunga kokugeleza okuphambene nakho kuyindlela evamile yokuhlunga. Uma izinto ezimisiwe kanye ne-turbidity emanzini aluhlaza kuphezulu, njengamaphrojekthi okuphinda asetshenziswe amanzi, imodi yokuhlunga okugelezayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlungwa kokugeleza kwe-cross-flow, ingxenye yamanzi angenayo idlula kulwelwesi ukuze ibe ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, futhi enye ingxenye ikhishwa njengamanzi agxilile, noma iphinde icindezeleke bese ibuyiselwa kulwelwesi ngaphakathi kwemodi yokujikeleza. Ukuhlunga kwe-cross-flow kwenza amanzi ajikeleze ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ye-membrane. Isivinini esikhulu samanzi sivimbela ukuqoqwa kwezinhlayiya ebusweni be-membrane, kunciphisa umthelela we-polarization yokuhlushwa, futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa okusheshayo kwe-membrane.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration bunezinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa endleleni yokusetshenziswa, akusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration kuphela bungasetshenziswa yedwa ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi angcolile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile. Eqinisweni, lapho bebhekene nenkinga yokwelashwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile, izisebenzi ezifanele zingazama ukuhlanganisa ngokuguquguqukayo ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obuhlukahlukene. Ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukwelapha kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile, ukuze izinga lemithombo yamanzi ngemva kokwelashwa liqinisekiswe ngempumelelo.
Ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlukene zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, akuzona zonke izinsiza zamanzi ezingcolile ezifanele ukwelashwa okufanayo kokungcola. Abasebenzi kufanele bathuthukise ukuqonda kwenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, futhi bakhethe indlela yokwelapha efanelekile kakhulu yokuhlanza amanzi. Kungale ndlela kuphela, phezu kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi, lapho izinga lamanzi lamanzi angcolile lingathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngemva kokuhlanza.
Ngokuvamile, ulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration lungahlukaniswa lube ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lokucindezela kwe-ultrafiltration kanye ne-membrane yokucindezela kwe-ultrafiltration yangaphandle ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokungena kwamanzi. Ubuchwepheshe bangaphakathi bolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration lobuchwephesha buqala ngokujova indle ku-fiber engenalutho, bese buphusha umehluko wengcindezi ukuze benze ama-molecule amanzi aphume kulwelwesi futhi ukungcola kuhlale kulwelwesi lwefayibha engenalutho. Ubuchwepheshe bangaphandle be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration buphambene nokucindezela kwangaphakathi, ngemva kokucindezela kokucindezela, ama-molecule wamanzi angena ku-membrane ye-fiber engenalutho kanti okunye ukungcola kuvinjelwe ngaphandle.
I-Ultrafiltration membrane idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. I-Ultrafiltration membrane yenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyvinylidene fluoride, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polysulfone nezinye izinto, izakhiwo zalezi zinto zinquma izici ze-ultrafiltration membrane. Enqubweni yangempela yokufaka isicelo, ama-opharetha afanelekile adinga ukucabangela ngokugcwele izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela kokusebenza, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, umphumela wokuhlanza amanzi nezinye izici ukuze kwandiswe umthelela wobuchwepheshe bolwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration, ukuze babone ukonga nokugaywa kabusha kwemithombo yamanzi.
Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlunga ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration: ukuhlunga kokuphela okufile kanye nokuhlunga kwe-cross-flow.
Ukuhlunga ekugcineni kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga okugcwele. Uma udaba olumisiwe, i-turbidity, okuqukethwe kwe-colloid emanzini aluhlaza kuphansi, njengamanzi ompompi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, njll., noma kukhona umklamo oqinile wesistimu yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuhlunga, i-ultrafiltration ingasebenzisa imodi yokuhlunga egcwele. ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokuhlunga okugcwele, wonke amanzi adlula phezu kwe-membrane ukuze abe ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, futhi zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ziyanqanyulwa phezu kolwelwesi. Idinga ukukhishwa ezingxenyeni ze-membrane ngokukhuhla umoya okuvamile, ukuwashwa kabusha kwamanzi nokuwasha phambili, nokuhlanza amakhemikhali okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kokuhlunga okufile, ukuhlunga kokugeleza okuphambene nakho kuyindlela evamile yokuhlunga. Uma izinto ezimisiwe kanye ne-turbidity emanzini aluhlaza kuphezulu, njengamaphrojekthi okuphinda asetshenziswe amanzi, imodi yokuhlunga okugelezayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlungwa kokugeleza kwe-cross-flow, ingxenye yamanzi angenayo idlula kulwelwesi ukuze ibe ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi, futhi enye ingxenye ikhishwa njengamanzi agxilile, noma iphinde icindezeleke bese ibuyiselwa kulwelwesi ngaphakathi kwemodi yokujikeleza. Ukuhlunga kwe-cross-flow kwenza amanzi ajikeleze ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ye-membrane. Isivinini esikhulu samanzi sivimbela ukuqoqwa kwezinhlayiya ebusweni be-membrane, kunciphisa umthelela we-polarization yokuhlushwa, futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa okusheshayo kwe-membrane.
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration bunezinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa endleleni yokusetshenziswa, akusho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration kuphela bungasetshenziswa yedwa ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi angcolile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile. Eqinisweni, lapho bebhekene nenkinga yokwelashwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile, izisebenzi ezifanele zingazama ukuhlanganisa ngokuguquguqukayo ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha obuhlukahlukene. Ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukwelapha kwemithombo yamanzi angcolile, ukuze izinga lemithombo yamanzi ngemva kokwelashwa liqinisekiswe ngempumelelo.
Ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlukene zokungcoliswa kwamanzi, akuzona zonke izinsiza zamanzi ezingcolile ezifanele ukwelashwa okufanayo kokungcola. Abasebenzi kufanele bathuthukise ukuqonda kwenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, futhi bakhethe indlela yokwelapha efanelekile kakhulu yokuhlanza amanzi. Kungale ndlela kuphela, phezu kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi, lapho izinga lamanzi lamanzi angcolile lingathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngemva kokuhlanza.