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Imo yoHluzo lwe-Ultrafiltration Membrane
2022-11-26
Itekhnoloji ye-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration yitekhnoloji yokwahlula i-membrane esekwe kwi-screening kunye nokucoca, kunye nokwahlukana koxinzelelo njengowona mandla okuqhuba. Umgaqo wayo oyintloko kukudala umahluko omncinci woxinzelelo kumacala omabini enwebu yokuhluza, ukwenzela ukunika amandla kwiimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zingene kwiipores ezincinci ze-membrane yokucoca, kwaye zithintele ukungcola kwelinye icala le-membrane yokucoca, eqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi emva kokunyanga uhlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-membrane ye-ultrafiltration inokwahlulwa ibe yi-membrane yoxinzelelo lwe-ultrafiltration yangaphakathi kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphandle lwe-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena kwamanzi. Itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-membrane ye-ultrafiltration iqala ngokufaka ilindle kwifiber engenanto, kwaye emva koko ityhale umahluko woxinzelelo ukwenza iimolekyuli zamanzi zingene ngaphandle kwenwebu kwaye ukungcola kuhlala kwi-membrane yefiber engenanto. Uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lweteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ichasene noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, emva kokunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena kwi-membrane yefiber engenanto kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zivaliwe ngaphandle.
I-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. I-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration yenziwe ngokukodwa nge-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyvinylidene fluoride, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polysulfone kunye nezinye izinto, iipropati zezi zinto zinquma iimpawu ze-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. Kweyona nkqubo yesicelo, abaqhubi abafanelekileyo kufuneka baqwalasele ngokupheleleyo ubushushu, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, isivuno samanzi, isiphumo sokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto zokwandisa isiphumo sobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, ukuze kuqondwe ukugcinwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe imithombo yamanzi.
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhluza ekusetyenzisweni kweteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration: ukuhluzwa kokuphela kokufa kunye nokuhluzwa kwe-cross-flow.
Ukuhluza okufileyo kukwabizwa ngokuba kuhluzo olupheleleyo. Xa umcimbi omisiweyo, i-turbidity, umxholo we-colloid kumanzi akrwada uphantsi, njengamanzi epompo, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, njl. ukusebenza. Ngethuba lokuhluzwa okupheleleyo, onke amanzi adlula kwi-membrane yomhlaba ukuze abe yimveliso yamanzi, kwaye zonke izinto ezingcolileyo ziyabanjwa kumphezulu we-membrane. Kufuneka ikhutshwe kumacandelo e-membrane ngokukhuhla umoya rhoqo, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kunye nokugungxulwa phambili, kunye nokucocwa rhoqo kweekhemikhali.
Ukongeza kwi-filtration-end filtration, i-cross-flow filtration ikwayindlela eqhelekileyo yokucoca. Xa into enqunyanyisiweyo kunye nobumdaka kumanzi akrwada buphezulu, njengeeprojekthi ezibuyiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi, imowudi yokucoca ukuqukuqela okuhambayo ikholisa ukusetyenziswa. Ngexesha lokuhluzwa kwe-cross-flow, inxalenye yamanzi angenayo idlula kwi-membrane yomhlaba ukuze ibe yimveliso yamanzi, kwaye enye inxalenye ikhutshwe njengamanzi agxininisiweyo, okanye iphinde icinezele kwaye ibuyele kwi-membrane ngaphakathi kwendlela yokujikeleza. I-Cross-flow filtration yenza amanzi ajikeleze ngokuqhubekayo kwi-membrane surface. Isantya esiphezulu samanzi sithintela ukuqokelela kweengqungquthela kwi-membrane surface, ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-polarization yoxinaniso, kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola ngokukhawuleza kwe-membrane.
Nangona iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ineenzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ayithethi ukuba iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ingasetyenziselwa yodwa ukuhlambulula amanzi angcolileyo kwinkqubo yonyango lwemithombo yamanzi angcolileyo. Enyanisweni, xa ujongene nengxaki yokucocwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolisekileyo, abasebenzi abafanelekileyo banokuzama ukudibanisa ngokuguquguqukayo ubugcisa bonyango obahlukeneyo. Ukuphucula ngokufanelekileyo unyango olusebenzayo lwemithombo yamanzi angcolileyo, ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wemithombo yamanzi emva kokunyanga unokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko lwamanzi, ayizizo zonke izibonelelo zamanzi angcolisekileyo ezifanelekileyo kunyango olufanayo longcoliseko. Abasebenzi kufuneka baphucule ingqiqo yokudibanisa iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, kwaye ukhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yonyango yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi. Kungale ndlela kuphela, kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango longcoliseko lwamanzi, apho umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi angcolisekileyo unokuphuculwa ngakumbi emva kokucocwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-membrane ye-ultrafiltration inokwahlulwa ibe yi-membrane yoxinzelelo lwe-ultrafiltration yangaphakathi kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphandle lwe-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena kwamanzi. Itekhnoloji yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-membrane ye-ultrafiltration iqala ngokufaka ilindle kwifiber engenanto, kwaye emva koko ityhale umahluko woxinzelelo ukwenza iimolekyuli zamanzi zingene ngaphandle kwenwebu kwaye ukungcola kuhlala kwi-membrane yefiber engenanto. Uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lweteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ichasene noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, emva kokunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena kwi-membrane yefiber engenanto kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zivaliwe ngaphandle.
I-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. I-membrane ye-Ultrafiltration yenziwe ngokukodwa nge-polyacrylonitrile, i-polyvinylidene fluoride, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polysulfone kunye nezinye izinto, iipropati zezi zinto zinquma iimpawu ze-membrane ye-ultrafiltration. Kweyona nkqubo yesicelo, abaqhubi abafanelekileyo kufuneka baqwalasele ngokupheleleyo ubushushu, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, isivuno samanzi, isiphumo sokucocwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto zokwandisa isiphumo sobuchwepheshe be-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, ukuze kuqondwe ukugcinwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe imithombo yamanzi.
Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhluza ekusetyenzisweni kweteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration: ukuhluzwa kokuphela kokufa kunye nokuhluzwa kwe-cross-flow.
Ukuhluza okufileyo kukwabizwa ngokuba kuhluzo olupheleleyo. Xa umcimbi omisiweyo, i-turbidity, umxholo we-colloid kumanzi akrwada uphantsi, njengamanzi epompo, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, njl. ukusebenza. Ngethuba lokuhluzwa okupheleleyo, onke amanzi adlula kwi-membrane yomhlaba ukuze abe yimveliso yamanzi, kwaye zonke izinto ezingcolileyo ziyabanjwa kumphezulu we-membrane. Kufuneka ikhutshwe kumacandelo e-membrane ngokukhuhla umoya rhoqo, ukuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kunye nokugungxulwa phambili, kunye nokucocwa rhoqo kweekhemikhali.
Ukongeza kwi-filtration-end filtration, i-cross-flow filtration ikwayindlela eqhelekileyo yokucoca. Xa into enqunyanyisiweyo kunye nobumdaka kumanzi akrwada buphezulu, njengeeprojekthi ezibuyiselwe ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi, imowudi yokucoca ukuqukuqela okuhambayo ikholisa ukusetyenziswa. Ngexesha lokuhluzwa kwe-cross-flow, inxalenye yamanzi angenayo idlula kwi-membrane yomhlaba ukuze ibe yimveliso yamanzi, kwaye enye inxalenye ikhutshwe njengamanzi agxininisiweyo, okanye iphinde icinezele kwaye ibuyele kwi-membrane ngaphakathi kwendlela yokujikeleza. I-Cross-flow filtration yenza amanzi ajikeleze ngokuqhubekayo kwi-membrane surface. Isantya esiphezulu samanzi sithintela ukuqokelela kweengqungquthela kwi-membrane surface, ukunciphisa impembelelo ye-polarization yoxinaniso, kunye nokunciphisa ukungcola ngokukhawuleza kwe-membrane.
Nangona iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ineenzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ayithethi ukuba iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration ingasetyenziselwa yodwa ukuhlambulula amanzi angcolileyo kwinkqubo yonyango lwemithombo yamanzi angcolileyo. Enyanisweni, xa ujongene nengxaki yokucocwa kwemithombo yamanzi angcolisekileyo, abasebenzi abafanelekileyo banokuzama ukudibanisa ngokuguquguqukayo ubugcisa bonyango obahlukeneyo. Ukuphucula ngokufanelekileyo unyango olusebenzayo lwemithombo yamanzi angcolileyo, ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho wemithombo yamanzi emva kokunyanga unokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo zongcoliseko lwamanzi, ayizizo zonke izibonelelo zamanzi angcolisekileyo ezifanelekileyo kunyango olufanayo longcoliseko. Abasebenzi kufuneka baphucule ingqiqo yokudibanisa iteknoloji ye-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, kwaye ukhethe eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yonyango yokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi. Kungale ndlela kuphela, kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle konyango longcoliseko lwamanzi, apho umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi angcolisekileyo unokuphuculwa ngakumbi emva kokucocwa.